Students' perception of the impact of AI integration on learning: Effectiveness and challenges

Abstract

This study examined the impact of Artificial Intelligence (AI) integration on classroom engagement, academic performance, and learning habits among Grade 11 students at Data Center College of Laoag. Anchored on the Technology Acceptance Model and Self-Determination Theory, the research employed a mixed-method design combining quantitative survey data and qualitative thematic analysis. A total of 137 students participated in the survey, while 20 students provided in-depth responses to open-ended questions. Findings revealed that AI was generally perceived as effective, with an overall mean of 3.00 (Agree). Classroom engagement obtained the highest mean (3.02), followed by learning habits (3.00) and academic performance (2.88), all interpreted as “Agree”. Students reported increased motivation, confidence, productivity, improved time management, and enhanced access to learning resources. However, qualitative findings also identified concerns regarding over-reliance on AI, diminished critical thinking, academic integrity issues, privacy risks, and internet accessibility challenges. The study concludes that AI holds moderate but meaningful potential to enhance engagement and academic outcomes in Senior High School. Nevertheless, its effectiveness depends on guided instructional implementation, ethical safeguards, and equitable access. The findings provide localized empirical evidence that may inform instructional strategies, institutional policies, and responsible AI integration in Philippine secondary education.